Gum disease is an inflammatory disease of the gums, it is expressed by reddening, swelling and bleeding of the gums. Gum disease is a part of periodontium diseases, which create inflammation and destroy the structures which surround the teeth and support them (gums, bone and the external layer of the root of the tooth). The main cause of these diseases is an accumulation of bacteria and improper mouth hygiene, but also additional situations: diabetes, poor nutrition, leukemia, AIDS and smoking.
Gum disease is preventable in most cases by maintaining mouth hygiene – daily teeth brush and flossing. Calculus is created when there is plaque left on teeth for more than 72 hours, calculus can be removed only by professional cleaning which takes place in a dental clinic.
It was found that gum disease might put the patient in a higher risk for developing heart diseases and stroke, therefore one should treat the disease and prevent it from happening.